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Background/Aims@#Disrupted bile acid regulation and accumulation in the liver can contribute to progressive liver damage and fibrosis. However, the effects of bile acids on the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of bile acids on HSC activation during liver fibrosis, and examined the underlying mechanisms. @*Methods@#The immortalized HSCs, LX-2 and JS-1cells were used for the in vitro study. in vitro, the adeno-associated viruses adeno-associated virus-sh-S1PR2 and JTE-013 were used to pharmacologically inhibit the activity of S1PR2 in a murine model of fibrosis induced by a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to study the involvement of S1PR2 in the regulation of fibrogenic factors as well as the activation properties of HSCs. @*Results@#S1PR2 was the predominant S1PR expressed in HSCs and was upregulated during taurocholic acid (TCA) stimulation and in cholestatic liver fibrosis mice. TCA-induced HSC proliferation, migration and contraction and extracellular matrix protein secretion were inhibited by JTE-013 and a specific shRNA targeting S1PR2 in LX-2 and JS-1 cells. Meanwhile, treatment with JTE-013 or S1PR2 deficiency significantly attenuated liver histopathological injury, collagen accumulation, and the expression of fibrogenesis-associated genes in mice fed a DDC diet. Furthermore, TCAmediated activation of HSCs through S1PR2 was closely related to the yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling pathway via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). @*Conclusions@#TCA-induced activation of the S1PR2/p38 MAPK/YAP signaling pathways plays a vital role in regulating HSC activation, which might be therapeutically relevant for targeting cholestatic liver fibrosis.
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Objective The incidence of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C is high.Without effective treatment,it would lead to liver cirrhosis.This study is to identify the related factors for the incidence of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C in order to make early intervention treatment and reduce the case fatality rate.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in adults aged ≥50 years with local residence for more than 5 years in Jurong of Jiangsu province from March to May in 2015,the patients infected with hepatitis C virus through remunerated blood donation were screened and included in the analysis.Descriptive statistical analysis was done to compare the differences in the incidence of liver fibrosis among the patients with different age,sex and education level or co-infected with hepatitis B virus or not.The risk factors for severe liver fibrosis were identified with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Liver fibrosis was diagnosed by using FIB-4 index method.Results A total of 719 patients with chronic hepatitis C were surveyed.Severe liver fibrosis developed in 285 of the 719 patients,in whom 21.84％ was males.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with higher education level (OR=0.65,95％CI:0.47-0.90) and with access of antiviral therapy (OR=0.33,95％ CI:0.22-0.49) had lower risk for severe liver fibrosis,the patients with high fasting blood glucose level (OR=1.80,95％CI:1.19-2.77) and abnormal white blood cell count (OR=2.77,95％CI:1.95-3.90) had higher risk for severe liver fibrosis.Conclusions The incidence of severe liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C was affected by many factors.Higher education level and antiviral therapy were the protective factors,but high fasting blood glucose level and abnormal white blood cell count were the risk factors.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and mechanism of total flavonoids from Armeniaca mume on depression in chronic stress depression model rats. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided into normal saline group,model group,fluox-etine group(positive control,20 mg/kg)and total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(80,160, 240 mg/kg), 10 in each group. Except for normal saline group, the other groups adopted chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)+solitary feeding condition to induce depression model. These groups were intragastrically administered,once a day,for 28 d. Changes of body mass and food intake,degree of preference for sugar were observed;forced swimming test and tail suspen-sion test were used to determine the time that rats did not move;open field test was used to determine the changes of residence time in central square,horizontal crossing lattice,standing times,modification times;tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),cortisol, interleukin 6 (IL-6),serotonin (5-HT) levels in serum after 24 h of last administration were determined. RESULTS:Compared with normal saline group,growth of body mass,food intake and sugar preference percentage in model group were decreased;the time that rats did not move was prolonged in forced swimming test and tail suspension test;residence time in central square was prolonged,while horizontal crossing lattice,standing times and modification times were decreased in open field test;serum levels of TNF-α,cortisol were increased,while IL-6,5-HT were decreased,with statistical significances (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Com-pared with model group,except that there were no obvious improvement in sugar preference percentage,the time that rats did not move in forced swimming test,modification times in open field test in total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose group and IL-6, 5-HT levels in serum in total flavonoids from A. mume low-dose,medium-dose groups,the above-mentioned indexes were obvious-ly improved in other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Total flavonoids from A. mume can obviously improve the CUMS-induced depression in rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammation response,adjusting the hypothala-mus-pituitary-adrenal axis functions.
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Objective The incidence of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C is high.Without effective treatment,it would lead to liver cirrhosis.This study is to identify the related factors for the incidence of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C in order to make early intervention treatment and reduce the case fatality rate.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in adults aged ≥50 years with local residence for more than 5 years in Jurong of Jiangsu province from March to May in 2015,the patients infected with hepatitis C virus through remunerated blood donation were screened and included in the analysis.Descriptive statistical analysis was done to compare the differences in the incidence of liver fibrosis among the patients with different age,sex and education level or co-infected with hepatitis B virus or not.The risk factors for severe liver fibrosis were identified with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Liver fibrosis was diagnosed by using FIB-4 index method.Results A total of 719 patients with chronic hepatitis C were surveyed.Severe liver fibrosis developed in 285 of the 719 patients,in whom 21.84％ was males.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with higher education level (OR=0.65,95％CI:0.47-0.90) and with access of antiviral therapy (OR=0.33,95％ CI:0.22-0.49) had lower risk for severe liver fibrosis,the patients with high fasting blood glucose level (OR=1.80,95％CI:1.19-2.77) and abnormal white blood cell count (OR=2.77,95％CI:1.95-3.90) had higher risk for severe liver fibrosis.Conclusions The incidence of severe liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C was affected by many factors.Higher education level and antiviral therapy were the protective factors,but high fasting blood glucose level and abnormal white blood cell count were the risk factors.
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Objective To investigate the infection status of HCV in remunerated blood donors and risk factors in Jiangsu province.Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged ＞50 years.Questionnaires were used to collect the information about their demographic characteristics and risk behaviors,and venous blood samples were collected from them to detect HCV anti-body,HCV-RNA and other biochemical indicators.EpiData and Stata were used for data entry and statistical analysis.Results The overall HCV sero-prevalence rates were 22.55％ and 61.05％ among remunerated blood donors.Data firom multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (adjusted OR=1.38,95％CI:1.18-1.62) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (adjusted OR=l.30,95％CI:1.10-1.54) were associated with the outcomes of HCV infection,and fasting plasma glucose (adjusted OR=1.17,95％CI:1.01-1.35) were associated with HCV RNA viral loads.Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection in remunerated blood donors was high,clinical ALT,AST and fasting plasma glucose levels were associated with the risk for HCV infection and HCV RNA viral load.
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Objective To measure the dynamic and static frictional resistances between different self-ligating orthodontic brackets and different combination of tandem archwires.Methods On standard model the upper right quadrant Damon Q self-ligating brackets was pasted as team A,3M Smart clip self-ligating brackets as team B and Forestadent Quick 3.0 self-ligating brackets as team C respectively.Nickel-titanium archwires of 0.012 inch and 0.016 inch and two nickel-titanium archwires of 0.014 inch were applied to simulate sliding in the brackets and measure the friction changes in brackets and archwires,so as to explore the frictional resistance between different combination of the tandem archwires and different self-ligating brackets.Results When using the combination of two 0.014-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwires,the static frictional resistances was significantly different (P＜ 0.05):team A ＜team B ＜team C while the kinetic frictional resistance was also significantly different (P＜0.05):team A ＜team B ＜team C,When using the combination of 0.012-inch and 0.016-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwires,the static frictional resistances was significantly different (P＜0.05):team A＜team B＜team C,while the kinetic frictional resistance was also significantly different (P＜0.05):team A＜team B＜team C.Gonclusion There are different frictional resistance in different kind of self-ligating brackets and different combination of the tandem archwires.The combination of two 0.014-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwire applied to Forestadent Quick 3.0 self-ligating brackets has the biggest frictional resistance while the combination of 0.012-inch and 0.016-inch nickel-titanium tandem archwire applied to the Damon Q self-ligating brackets has the lowest frictional resistance,which enables the teeth to move at the fastest speed and facilitates the following use of the edgewires.
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Objective To explore the effect of diabetic liaison nurses on controlling blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemia in department other than endocrinology. Methods Four hundred diabetic patients with high blood sugar were selected from January to December, 2014 in department other than endocrinology. They were divided randomly into 2 groups equally:the control group and the observation group. The control group received traditional nursing care, while blood sugar management was carried out by diabetic liaison nurse in the observation group. Result Pre-discharge sugar metabolism in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The diabetic liaison nurses in other departments than the endocrinology department can help control blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemiain.
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Objective To investigate the infection status of HCV in remunerated blood donors and risk factors in Jiangsu province.Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged ＞50 years.Questionnaires were used to collect the information about their demographic characteristics and risk behaviors,and venous blood samples were collected from them to detect HCV anti-body,HCV-RNA and other biochemical indicators.EpiData and Stata were used for data entry and statistical analysis.Results The overall HCV sero-prevalence rates were 22.55％ and 61.05％ among remunerated blood donors.Data firom multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (adjusted OR=1.38,95％CI:1.18-1.62) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (adjusted OR=l.30,95％CI:1.10-1.54) were associated with the outcomes of HCV infection,and fasting plasma glucose (adjusted OR=1.17,95％CI:1.01-1.35) were associated with HCV RNA viral loads.Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection in remunerated blood donors was high,clinical ALT,AST and fasting plasma glucose levels were associated with the risk for HCV infection and HCV RNA viral load.
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Objective] To study the impact of outpatient appointment supposed on the management of outpatient department and whole hospital. [Methods] Survey and research the average outpatient registration volume, patients' registration waiting time and the patients' satisfaction monthly during May 2011 to May 2014 when outpatient appointment was applied, and analyze the impact of outpatient appointment supposed on the management of outpatient department and whole hospital by comparing the results 3 years ago(during April 2008 to April 2011) when outpatient appointment was not applied. [Results] The number of patients with an appointment was on the rise, the total number of outpatients increased with the increase of outpatient appointment, and patients' registration waiting time was significantly shortened with higher satisfaction. The difference had statistical significance( P<0.05). [Conclusion] By outpatient appointment services, outpatient management has been optimized, with the increase of outpatients; the hospital benefits grow, and meanwhile the patients' satisfaction is improved.
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Objective To observe cerebral apoplexy patients complicated with carotid atherosclerosis plaque given aggressive lipid lowering treatment on the prognosis of stroke and reduce the recurrence rate through the large sample study on neurological department of internal medicine.Methods 300 cases of cerebral infarction complicated with different degree of neck lesions were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,each group had 100 cases.Intensive lipid-lowering group received fluvastatin,80mg/d + 100mg aspirin,conventional dose group received fluvastatin,40mg/d + 100mg aspirin,aspirin group was given aspirin 100mg.After 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,16 weeks,20 weeks,24 weeks,blood lipid level,changes in internal carotid artery plaque (CIMT),plaque area,and the incidence rate of cerebral vascular events after 24 weeks were observed.Results The results of intensive lipid-lowering treatment group IMT (1.06 ± 0.36) mm,plaque area (8.09 ± 0.47) mm3,the incidence rate of cerebral vascular events after 24 weeks (12％),serum lipid levels and regular dose group after treatment with IMT (1.19 ±0.39) mm,plaque area (9.91 ± 0.78) mm3,the incidence rate of cerebral vascular events after 24 weeks (18 ％),serum lipid levels after aspirin group were significantly reduced(P ＜ 0.05).Aspirin group before and after treatment,IMF,plaque area and lipid levels had no significant differences(P ＞ 0.05).Intensive lipid-lowering treatment group compared with the conventional dose group,IMT,plaque area and lipid levels improved obviously(P ＜ 0.05),the recurrence rate of ischemic cerebral vascular disease had significant difference compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intensive lipid-lowering treatment on blood lipid levels,delay and reverse the carotid atherosclerosis is superior to conventional dose using fluvastatin group and simply antiplatelet group,and can prevent the recurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Objective To explore exenatide in the treatment of metformin(MET)alone,sulfonylurea (SU)alone or MET + SU combination therapy with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic pa-tients and to find effective nursing measures.Methods 24 patients were randomly divided into the con-trol group and the exenatide group with 12 patients in each group.In the exenatide group,exenatide 5μg twice a day for 4weeks,then 10μg twice a day for 12 weeks.Changes of HbAlc,body weight,BMI,FBG,P2hBG,and rate of adverse reaction were compared between two groups.Results Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),body weight,BMI,FBG,P2hBG in the control group before and after treatment showed no significant difference,while the exenatide group showed better results compared with those before treatment and the control group.Nursing intervention played evident effect on reducing adverse effect such as nausea,vomiting,diarrhea,low blood sugar,headache.Conclusions For patients with type 2 diabetes,using MET,SU alone or MET + SU combination therapy showed poor results of blood sugar control,addition of exenatide therapy can effectively control blood sugar,nursing intervention can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of patients.
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AIM To study the antitumor activity of astragalosides(AST) and its mechanism of action. METHODS By using two experimental models of hepatoma(HepA) and Sarcoma 180 in mice, the rate of inhibition of tumor weight AST on the growth of HepA and S180 tumor cells were tested. The growth inhibition of AST on Hela cells was detected by MTT assay. The effect of AST on cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and TUNEL. RESULTS AST inhibited the growth of tumor cells of HepA and S180 in mice. AST inhibited the growth of Hela cell in concentration dependent manner with IC 50 of 80 4 mg?L -1 . Flow cytomety analgsis showed that G 0/G 1 phase rate was increased but S phase rate was decreased. The apoptosis rate of Hela cells treated with AST( 80 and 160 mg?L -1 ) was significantly higher than that of control. CONCLUSION AST can inhibit the growth of tumor cells of HepA and S180 in mice and the growth of HeLa cells in vitro . Causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is probably one of the mechanisms of antitumor effect by AST.
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AIM To observe the effects of rhIL 10 on psoriatic models and immune function in mice. METHODS The anti psoriatic effect of rhIL 10 was studied by using the models of vaginal epithelium and tail scales of mouse. ConA induced proliferation and production of IL 2 and IFN ? by T lymphocytes, LPS induced production of IL 1 and TNF ? by the peritoneal macrophages and the activity of NK cells, LPS induced proliferation of B lymphocyte were determined. RESULTS The result showed that rhIL 10 (5, 20 and 80 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 ,sc) could significantly inhibit the mitosis of vaginal epithelial cells in mice treated with estrogen. No abnormal changes of nucleolus and organelle were found under electronic microscope. rhIL 10 facilitates development of granular cell layers in mice tail scales. There were for 2 to 3 granular cell layers and bigger granular cells in scales under electronic microscope. CONCLUSION The anti psoriatic effect of rhIL 10 is related to inhibiting hyperplasia of epidermal cells and promoting the formation of granular cells and possessing anti inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity.
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Mechanism of Immunomodulatory actions of total glucosides of paeony ( TGP ) was studied by McAb indirect immunofluorescence. TGP 5 mg/( kg?d ) ip for 8d suppressed DTH, that was enhanced by cyclophosphamide( Cy), and decreased L3T4+/Lyt-2+ 〔 (Th/i)/(Ts /c) 〕 cell ratio in ICR mice .TGP 5 mg/ ( kg?d ) ip for 5d enhanced DTH that was suppressed by Cy, and increased the L3T4+/Lyt-2 + cell ratio in ICR mice. The same dose of TGP ip for 5d promoted the hemolysin production of spleen cells, that was suppressed by Cy, increased the L3T4+/Lyt-2 + cell ratio in BLAB/c mice. The results suggest that immunomodulatory actions of TGP might be brought about by altering Th/Ts cell ratio.
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A postulated suppression of T lymphocyte function by clonidine (an adrenogic receptor agonist) was explored by utilizing mitogen induced lymphocyte transformation of mouse spleen cells in vitro. Added at the onset of the culture or 24h later, clonidine (10-(?)-10-8 M ) did not suppress T lymphocyte transformation induced by ConA or PHA. It implies that there is a difference in the sensitivity for clonidine between T and B lymphocyte, as clonidine has been suggested to suppress the SRBC induced primary immune response of mouse spleen cells in a dose dependent manner.
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This paper describes the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of Sudoxicam ( Sud) synthesized by Shenyang Pharmaceutic College.Sud is found to possess significant anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic quality in such animal models as carrayeenan-induced paw oedema ( ED50=5.26mg/kg ) , tylolinduced ear oedema in mice, adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, yeast-induced fever in rats, acetic acid-induced arithing ( ED50= 5.0mg/kg ) and hot plate-induced pain reaction in mice.